The Park Theater Foundation of Glens Falls has announced its end-of-year lineup of shows and events for December.
A non-profit organization dedicated to hosting events that enhance the Glens Falls community, The Park Theater Foundation brings quality and affordable entertainment as well as performing arts educational opportunities to folks within the city and beyond.
With a wide variety of events and entertainments gracing their space, The Park has it all. In preparation for the conclusion of their 2024 schedule, the Foundation has announced its final shows of the year happening throughout December.
On December 5, The Park will present national mandolin championship winner Ethan Setiawan and Fine Ground with opening support from Alan Epstein. The show will begin at 7:00 PM with doors opening at 6:00 PM, and tickets are priced at $20 for early bird attendees or $25 at the door.
A throwback show will take the stage on December 7 featuring Eric Carlin’s Half-Dead- an authentic Grateful Dead concert experience. Tickets are $25 for early bird pricing or $30 at the door. Showtime will be at 7:30 PM, and doors will open at 7:00 PM.
December 19 will host an evening of jazz featuring The Music of Thelonious Monk with the Matt Niedbalski Trio alongside Adam Siegal and Jason Emmond. Tickets for this event are priced at $10, with doors at 7:00 PM and a showtime of 7:30 PM.
Concluding the year and The Park’s 2024 events will be their ‘New Year’s Eve Dinner & Comedy Show’.
Featuring a performance by the highly-acclaimed comedian Sean Donnelly, audience members will be able to enjoy a preliminary cocktail hour, a full three course pre-fixe menu dinner curated by Park Street Hospitality’s executive chef Matthew J. Delos, and a complimentary champagne greeting station along with the night’s entertainment for an all-inclusive price of $99.
Tickets for The Park Theater Foundation’s year-ending events are live now. For ticket purchasing and further information, be sure to visit their official website here.
After the original Woodstock Music Festival in 1969, there were many people who wanted to replicate the magic of peace, love and rock n roll. But not all future endeavors were destined for success. Two music festivals in particular, the Bach to Rock Festival in 1970 and the Hamlet of Hurleyville Music Festival in 1979, were both little-known festivals in small New York State towns that ultimately failed and were mostly forgotten with the passage of time. Today we look back on these festivals that were doomed from the start.
The “Bach To Rock” Fiasco
The Bach To Rock Festival was set to take place near the Catskills in Sullivan County in the hamlet of Mountaindale. This was only about 25 miles away from Bethel, NY where Woodstock was first held. It was envisioned as a summer long cultural series with a mixture of opera, broadway music, dance and rock. The promoters hoped to attract 50,000 patrons and host events six days a week from July through August.
The small hamlet of Mountaindale – Photo from Wikimedia Commons
The ambitious festival was contentious from the start. After last year’s wild festivities at Woodstock, many locals in Mountaindale were opposed to the sex, drugs and other “unsavory” activities that would likely occur during the event. The disaster at the infamous Altamont festival back in December was still fresh in many minds as well.
Nevertheless, the festival site continued to be developed as a land deal was struck and $250,000 was put into the groundwork. The bill originally boasted acts like Joe Cocker, Grand Funk Railroad, Jethro Tull. However a concert on Randall’s Island that was occurring that same summer left many of the bands legally tied up and unable to perform again in such close proximity.
A flyer from the festival – Photo via Reddit
New bands were booked including the Grateful Dead, Van Morrison and The Band.
Then in early July, days before the start of the festival, a restraining order was issued against the Mountaindale Music Festival, prohibiting large public gatherings. The decision was later upheld on by the Sullivan County Supreme Court, one day before the concert was set to take place.
Promoter Budd Filippo pictured on the festival grounds in Mountaindale. (Photo originally appeared in NY Daily News).
On that day, July 7, the New York Times covered the ruling with an article titled “Court Order Delays Mountaindale Rock Festival.” The Times said the following:
“A borscht circuit of rock musicals that seemed to be developing in the Catskills after last August’s Woodstock Festival suffered a new setback yesterday,” the Times reported, alluding as well to a 54-hour long rock festival that had just concluded, drawing 2,000 people to Saugerties. “A temporary restraining order against the Mountaindale Music and Arts Festival, scheduled to open tonight on its own 700-acre tract in eastern Sullivan County, was upheld by Appellate Justice Michael E. Sweeney.”
But by then over 10,000 people were already on the way to to the small town of Mountaindale. The train was already in motion.
Hippies gather in Mountaindale – Photo from the New York Daily News
The New York Daily News reported, “Bands of hip mountaineers roamed the Catskills today in a nomadic search for a rock festival that was canceled at the 11th hour by a politician on the other side of the generation gap.”
While the festival was officially canceled, the masses of people threw together a free concert at hotel in South Fallsburg about ten miles from Mountaindale. There were rumors that the Grateful Dead would make an appearance, but besides some local bands the only major act who showed was Richie Havens. Havens had famously been the opener at the original Woodstock festival the year prior.
Richie Havens, famed musician who opened at Woodstock and was the only performer at the failed Mountaindale festival -Photo: Gunter Zint/K & K Ulf Kruger OHG/Redferns
After the fact, the county’s rulings were upheld in the higher courts establishing a precedent for future mass gatherings, which greatly affected proposals for other music festivals to come.
The Hamlet of Hurleyville Music Festival
Ten years after the original Woodstock, and 9 years after the failed “Bach To Rock”, Sullivan County was once again abuzz with the hopes of music. A three-day festival was set in the Hamlet of Hurleyville with a lineup that included Joni Mitchell, Hall & Oats, Cheap Trick and REO Speedwagon, among others. Promoters expected to sell around 250,000 tickets. Tickets were priced at $37.50 for all three days. There were also plans to make an album and documentary film of the festival.
The Hamlet of Hurleyville – Photo from Visithurleyville.org
The hopes with this festival was to kick off a new permanent music venue in the area with the hopes of improving the local economy. The festival was envisioned by a local promoter Leon Greenberg who had previously managed to revitalize the Monticello Raceway.
A photo of Leon Greenberg in the 70’s – Photo via New York Almanac
A brief snippet in the New York Times described plans for the Hamlet of Hurleyville Music Festival – Photo from New York Times TimesMachine Archive
Previous laws against mass gatherings established in Bach to Rock made a large number of hurdles and many locals were opposed to the festivities. A public relations campaign was launched to turn people’s sentiment, with the tagline “Success is a Traffic Jam,” which appeared on buttons and bumperstickers around town.
Ultimately, Greenberg was unable to sway the tides and the town board voted unanimously to deny a permit. The envisioned music venue which was meant to repurpose the site of the old Columbia Farm Hotel remains unused to this day.
The Columbia Farm Hotel circa 1940. It closed in 1969 and burned in a massive fire on Christmas Eve, 1971. – Photo via New York Almanac
On a positive note, the Hamlet of Hurleyville now hosts an annual Hurleyville Music Festival through the Hurleyville Performing Arts Center which engages local artists and the community in a weekend of arts, music and culture.
On Saturday, October 26 from Noon to 5pm, PhanArt, in association with Mirth Films, will hold a hometown Art Show and Health & Wellness Event at the Palace Theatre in Albany
Featured during the show is New Paltz band Kale for the October edition of Palace Sessions Live.
Located just a 0.5 mile walk down Pearl Street from the MVP Arena (where Phish will perform for three nights) PhanArt at the Palace will feature dozens of artists and vendors from the Capital District and across the country from the greater Phish community.
Presented alongside Mirth Films, PhanArt will host artists and vendors offering a great deal of art, clothing, home goods, music inspired memorabilia and much more from dozens of small businesses, in addition to a Health and Wellness fair on the Second Floor of the Palace Theatre. There attendees will find Reiki, aerial yoga, interactive art, healing circles, psychedelic integration and much more.
Confirmed artists and vendors include Perpetual Hang, Scotty Radford Art and Design, BLURD Glass, YouEnjoyMyVegan, Ethereal Honey, Blazinâ Donuts, Fiddle and Feather, Unusual Conclusions, The Overhead View and many more.
Kale, a genre-blending indietronica jam trio from New Paltz, will be playing 2 sets during the afternoon, along with music from Sweeping Views in between performances. Kale combines a love of danceable electronic rhythms, soaring melodies, and energetic hooks into an improvisational channel that allows for deep exploration of the musical cosmos.
The Palace Theatre is located at the corner of Clinton and North Pearl Street, just a half mile walk to MVP Arena, where Phish will perform each evening from October 25-27.
The first hometown PhanArt show at Albanyâs historic Palace Theatre takes place on Saturday, October 26 from 12-5pm. Admission is free as always!
The Park Theater Foundation has partnered with The Hub in Brant Lake to present the Adirondack Americana music series.
Founded as a non-profit organization dedicated to enhancing the Glen Falls community with live entertainment, The Park Theater Foundation has provided a venue for quality and affordable entertainment and educational opportunities in the performing arts for folks in the area time and time again.
Their most recent endeavor, Adirondack Americana, is a music series presented in partnership with The Hub. Throughout September and October, an engaging set of indie-americana acts will take the stage at The Hub in Brant Lake to perform live sets that are completely free to the public.
The first of the Adirondack Americana performances will be a double feature of indie-americana band Mipso member Joseph Terrell and ‘Dream Country’ glitz-and-groove band Blue Cactus on Saturday, September 28.
The second show on Saturday, October 12 will be performed by Saratoga Springs based band Little Saints, who describes their sound as a healthy blend of americana, indie-folk, and modern soul.
The venue for Adirondack Americana is truly one-of-a-kind. The Hub is a bike shop, a bar, a cafe, a concert venue, and more all wrapped into one. With scenic views over a perfect space to bike, hike, or paddle across Brant Lake, The Hub brings folks of all passions together- an energy that matches the Adirondack Americana attitude perfectly.
Both evenings of free music will commence at 4:00 PM at The Hub. For further information on the performances and how to attend, visit The Park Theater Foundation’s website here.
The New York Philharmonic has announced details of its 2024-25 season that will explore Afromodernism through a program of concerts, free performances and events, and a parallel museum exhibition.
Artwork: Jon Key
A cultural cornerstone of New York City for the past 180+ years, the New York Philharmonic has connected with up to 50 million individuals through live concerts in New York and abroad thus far. Founded in 1842 by a group of local musicians, the Philharmonic is one of the oldest symphony orchestras in the world, and the oldest in the United States. Since its foundation, the New York Philharmonic has performed in 436 cities in 63 countries across five continents.
This lengthy history has not resulted in the Philharmonic existing within the past, however. As accessibility to music, public interest, and the context classical music exists within have shifted and expanded, the New York Philharmonic has adapted likewise. Spanning international broadcasts on television, radio, and online alongside archival recordings and educational programs, the Philharmonic has always been on the cutting edge of reaching and connecting people through music.
The upcoming 2024-25 season in particular will feature explorations and celebrations of the voices of Black creators and examine the influence of contemporary Africa and the African diaspora upon the modern arts movements, from music to fashion and more.
Presented through a combination of subscription concerts, a free performance by the International Contemporary Ensemble co-presented by the Museum of Modern Art, a NY Phil Young People’s Concert, and a series of complementary presentations, the New York Philharmonic will highlight the experiences, creations, and impacts of artists across the African diaspora throughout time.
Photo: nyphil.org
A series of concerts will be the highlight of the Philharmonic’s exploration, with Music of the African Diaspora on October 17 and 18, Young People’s Concert: The Future is Unity on October 19, and Sound On – Composing While Black, Volume II on October 25.
Music of the African Diaspora will consist of works by four black American composers spanning nearly a century to be conducted by Thomas Wilkins; Carlos Simon’s Four Black American Dances, Nathalie Joachim’s Had to Be– a Philharmonic co-commission and New York Premiere featuring the New York Philharmonic debut of cellist Seth Parker Woods as a soloist, David Baker’s Kosbro, and William Grant Still’s Symphony No. 4, Autochthonous.
The October 18 concert will include a pre-concert talk accessible to all ticket holders for the evening moderated by Juilliard professor Fredara Hadley, who will be speaking with panelists Seth Parker Woods, Nathalie Joachim, Barnard College professor Monica L. Miller, and Harvard University professor Carol Oja.
Conductor Thomas Wilkins will also lead the Young People’s Concert: The Future is Unity on October 19 with a program featuring pieces from Music of the African Diaspora’s collection, selections from Nigerian composer Fela Sowande’s African Suite and Florence Price’s Symphony No. 1, and Very Young Composer Isai Rabiu’s Aye Ni Ilu.
On October 25 the Museum of Modern Art will join in partnership with the Philharmonic for a free performance by International Contemporary Ensemble as a part of the Philharmonic’s Sound On contemporary music series.
Titled Composing While Black, Volume II, the concert will examine international perspectives of the African diasporic experience through pieces by composers Jalalu Kalvert-Nelson, Daniel Kidane, Hannah Kendall, Tebogo Monnakgotla, Joshua Uzoigwe, and Leila Adu-Gilmore. The program builds upon ICE’s Composing While Black: Volume I, titled after the scholarly compilation of essays composed by ICE’s artistic director in collaboration with Harald Kisiedu, Composing While Black.
In addition to the musical performances, the New York Philharmonic is presenting several events and a museum exhibition in parallel to their exploration of Afromodernism, including The Unanswered Questions panel discussions and the Africa’s Fashion Diaspora exhibition.
The Unanswered Questions is a two-part panel series featuring “Afromoderism and the Arts” on October 15 at CUNY’s Graduate Center which will examine the decolonization of modernism through the African diaspora’s impact on music and the arts and “Styled for Survival: How Music and Fashion Converge” on February 19 at The Museum at FIT, a conversation tracing the intentional connections between sound and attire, the history of Black dandyism, and more.
The museum exhibition Africa’s Fashion Diaspora will take place at the Museum at FIT on October 7, 9, 21, and November 20. The exhibition will examine fashion as a medium for storytelling and a designer’s tool to contribute to longstanding and evolving ideas of transnational Black cultural spaces.
The exhibit will explore designers from Africa, the Americas, and Europe who construct and interpret their local and community cultures while simultaneously reaching across geography to tie Black cultural practices together through their designs. Talks and tours will be held in the space as well.
Tickets to the New York Philharmonic performances can be purchased online here. Reservations to attend Africa’s Fashion Diaspora and The Unanswered Questions: Afromodernism and the Arts are free but required, and can be made on their respective web pages here and here.
Reservations for Composing While Black, Volume II and The Unanswered Questions: Styled for Survival are also free but required, and will be available at a later date. Keep up to date on the Philharmonic’s web page here.
Troy Savings Bank Music Hall has announced the lineup for the next installment of the Music At Noon free concert series.
Originating in 1988, the Music at Noon concert series has brought music to the people of Troy every second Tuesday of the month from October through May. A free community event designed to present skilled musicians with a diverse mix of musical styles, folks of all ages are encouraged to attend the performances in addition to a special children’s workshop.
The main event will feature an opening performance by fortepianist Daniel Maltz on October 8, the Vermont based woodwind ensemble Heliand Quartet on November 12, the medieval, renaissance, and baroque music focused Bleecker Consort on December 10, a performance from pianist Michael Century on January 14, an enrapturing clarinet, hichiriki, cello, and piano show from Thomas Piercy, Marina Iwao, and Daniel Hass, and a concluding Irish traditional music and song performance from Toss the Feathers on March 11.
Opening the season is fortepianist Daniel Adam Maltz, who is offering an exciting educational interactive performance and deep dive into the world of Classical era Vienna and its music in the way iconic composers like Hadyn and Mozart intended for them to be heard.
Based in Vienna, Maltz studied Historical Performance at the Royal Academy of Music in London and at Vienna’s University for Music and Performing Arts- meaning this 90 minute experience will not be one to miss.
Additionally, prior to the Heliand Quartet’s performance on November 12, the group will engage in a hands-on exploratory musical experience that will be concluded with a petting zoo. Best for students grades one through four but open to all, the educational hour will begin with the musicians introducing the students to the sounds of chamber music, particularly with the piano, oboe and bassoon.
Students will be able to identify how the instruments work, sound, and fit into the ensemble dynamic. The workshop will conclude with students being able to experiment with the instruments themselves prior to the fan favorite petting zoo. Seating for this event will be limited- click here to register.
Music at Noon is completely free to attend with no registration needed. Folks are encouraged to bring their own lunch, and larger parties or teachers with buses should call ahead to reserve seats. In addition, there are a limited number of handicapped accessible spaces available.
For further details and information on other programs put on by the Troy Savings Bank Music Hall, please visit their website here.
The “CNY Jazz at Timber Banks” talent lineup has been announced, the first launch of the CNY Jazz 2024-2025 season. The 34-show event takes place on Tuesday nights at Timber Banks Golf Club in Syracuse.
Cheri Giraud & Dan Pugh
The CNY Jazz series lasts from September to May, with a total of 34 groundbreaking shows. It features regional and national artists from 6 to 9 p.m. at Persimmons restaurant in the Carlton Holmes-designed clubhouse of the Seneca River golf and marina community. The cabaret dining schedule starts September 17, focusing on the finest voices in jazz, pop, and Americana in the region, and a twist or two has been thrown into the mix.
Singers Ronnie Leigh, Nancy Kelly, Cheri Giraud, Julie Falatico Montalbano, Mike Houston, Kirsten Tegtmeyer, Scott Dennis, Alex Becerra, Vanessa Vacanti, and Mary Nickson all appear. QUATRO provides progressive Americana harmony by Chuck Schiele and Heather Kubacki. Instrumental groups led by Steve Brown and John Rohde step in to play.
A special Mardi Gras event is the centerpiece of the season. On Fat Tuesday, March 4, the legendary Soda Ash Six, brings their 6-piece unit to play a party. This event is accompanied by a special New Orleans menu.
The unusual “Bass On Top” duo makes its first winter season appearance in the CNY Jazz series. The entire series is free, with no admission or cover charges. Holders of CNY Jazz Club cards receive 10% off food and drink at these events.
“This is the only weekly cabaret dining experience to be had north of the Thruway in Central New York. Literally every established jazz vocalist in the region is represented. We have a lot of talent around here, and you can sample virtually all of it without leaving the Persimmons premises. These things regularly sell out, so reserve your tables in advance, folks.”
Larry Luttinger, CNY Jazz founder
For more information on the CNY Jazz series at Timber Banks in Syracuse, click here.
The Albany Symphony has announced the Water Music NY: More Voices Festival, a mini concert series celebrating underrepresented voices to commemorate the bicentennial of the Erie Canal’s completion.
Two-time Grammy award winners and the most ASCAP awarded orchestra in America, the Albany Symphony is highly respected and admired for their blend of classical orchestral performances, lesser-heard masterworks, and a diverse selection of works from the leading and emerging voices of this generation.
Led by Music Director David Alan Miller, the Symphony brings a world-premiere or recent composition to every single one of their performances. In addition, they host a multi-day American Music Festival that celebrates both established and emerging living composers, a family series and holiday concerts that are both an active collaboration with youth performing arts groups, and an array of award-winning education programs, including the Symphony in Our Schools program that introduces musicians to the classroom for interactive music education.
With a history of bringing new voices to light like theirs, the Albany Symphony’s newest endeavor, Water Music NY, only makes sense. Inspired by the orchestra’s original 2017 Water Music NY Festival, the project is a three-year venture expanding upon the original musical tour down the Erie Canal. Now, with more resources and bigger pictures in mind, the Symphony is uplifting underrepresented voices including those of women, immigrants, people of color, and indigenous peoples.
“We believe that by commissioning brilliant new works by some of the most compelling composers working today, and challenging them to look at the Canal through fresh eyes, the music they create will spark dialogue, expand perspectives, and energize canalside communities on what the Canal represents, and what it can become.”
– David Alan Miller
In collaboration with the New York State Canal Corporation, this fall’s Water Music NY: More Voices programming includes five free pop-up concerts, featuring small ensembles of Albany Symphony musicians and vocalists along the path of the Erie Canal, highlighting the 524 mile system’s past, present, and future.
Performances will occur at the Lock Tenders Tribute Monument in Lockport, Old Lock 36 (near Lock 17) in Little Falls, Schoharie Crossing State Historic Site in Fort Hunter, Waterloo (Livestream only), and the Montezuma Audubon Center at the Montezuma Wetlands Complex. In addition to in person attendance, each concert will be available to view online via livestream. Featured composers Daniel Bernard Roumain, Clarice Assad, Francisco del Pino, Dai Wei, and Juhi Bansal will all have their works premiered at these venues along the Canal.
Daniel Bernard Roumain’s piece, Agrarian and Liquid, was the result of a partnership with librettist Marc Bamuthi Joseph. The piece highlights the relationship between the Erie Canal and abolitionist and freedom fighter Harriet Tubman.
Francisco del Pino’s piece, Orenda, is inspired by the concepts of place and connectedness with nature through a continuous stream of motion under which things change imperceptibly over time, just as with bodies of water. Floating above the piece is a vocalist chanting words from the Oneida Nation’s motto: good mind, good heart, strong fire.
Clarice Assad’s piece and world premiere, Earth and Water, explores themes of environmental change, human progress, and the relationship between nature and civilization as it is rooted in the Erie Canal’s construction. Concepts for the composition emerged from a conversation with celebrated Mohawk storyteller, teacher, and writer Kay Olan.
Dai Wei will perform a livestream exclusive show featuring a piece exploring the journey of Chinese merchant Oong Ar Showe who adeptly navigated the social and economic landscape of 19th century America, emphasizing the key role the Erie Canal played in facilitating interregional trade.
Juhi Bansal’s piece Refuge will wrap the mini-concert series in the thriving expanse of marshes belonging to the Montezuma Wetlands Complex.
For more information on these performances and how to attend/watch virtually, please visit here.
The full list of performances is below.
Water Music NY: More Voices Festival Mini-Series Dates
Thursday, September 26, 4:00pm
Lockport Flight of Five in Lockport, NY – Lock Tenders Tribute Monument
Friday, September 27, 4:00pm
Little Falls, NY, Old Lock 36, near Lock 17
Saturday, September 28, 4:00pm
Schoharie Crossing State Historic Site, Fort Hunter, NY – In partnership with New York State department of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation
Friday, November 1, 4:00pm
Waterloo (LIVESTREAM ONLY)
Saturday, November 2, 4:00pm
Montezuma Audubon Center at Montezuma Wetlands Complex, Savannah, NY – In partnership with Montezuma Audubon Center
Jon Wagar will open for SIRSY in the 2024 ROCK the LOCK music series’ concluding performance on Saturday, August 31 at the historic Schoharie Crossing.
Schoharie Crossing is a historic site dedicated to preserving and educating the public on the Erie Canal and its story. The site contains various structures dating across the three phases of the canal’s development, the most notable being the remains of the Schoharie Aqueduct, which was responsible for the transportation of the Enlarged Erie Canal’s water over the Schoharie Creek.
In addition to events like ROCK the LOCK, the Historic Site offers educational outreach programs, field trips, on-site tours, and recreational programs.
Sirsy is a singer-songwriter pop rock duo with folk influences from Upstate NY. Fronted by singer-songwriter and drummer Melanie Krahmer alongside her husband, co-writer, and guitarist Rich Libutti, the duo has shared the stage with the likes of Maroon 5, Train, Brandi Carlile, Grace Potter and more, averaging 250 shows a year over their 15 year touring career. Jon Wagar is a folk singer-songwriter from Mayfield, NY.
This event is free to the public- visitors are advised to bring a lawn chair and dress for the weather.
Heading to Albany on September 21 is the 15th rendition of PearlPalooza, Albany’s highly anticipated annual music festival. From 12:00 pm until 7:00 pm, PearlPalooza presents 30 local vendors, activities, and musical performances. Headlining the music acts is indie artist Robert DeLong, accompanied by Jakob Nowell, The Ramona Flowers, Laveda, and the Sugar Hold.
Before the festival officially begins, MVP Healthcare presents YogaPalooza, a free city-wide yoga class that is available to all. A group of instructors from The Hot Yoga Spot will instruct and assist this free 60-minute yoga class, compatible with all levels. Those who wish to participate can register using this link.
Following YogaPalooza are the incredibly diverse all-ages musical acts, presented by 102.7 FM WEQX, the Downtown Albany Business Improvement District (BID), and Sugar Productions. The official craft beer sponsors of the event, Indian Ladder Farms Cidery & Brewery, and Brown’s Brewing Company, are just one of the many local businesses providing their goods to guests of the festival.
Musical acts begin at 12:30 with The Sugar Hold. Performances will take place on the PearlPalooza stage at N Pearl Street & Sheridan Avenue.
PearlPalooza Performance Schedule
The Sugar Hold | 12:30 PM
Laveda | 1:30 PM
The Ramona Flowers | 2:30 PM
Jakob Nowell | 4:00 PM performing songs from Sublime and Jakobs Castle
Robert DeLong | 5:30 PM
More information on PearlPalooza in Albany can be found here, including the full list of available vendors, which is yet to be announced. Musical events start at 12:30 pm, half an hour after the festival officially begins.
